New Answers

The attribution of the view to the Maliki madhhab is not correct, and the one who said that did not understand the terminology of the Malikis regarding this matter. According to the Malikis, it is not permissible to pray with any physical impurity, when one is aware of it and able to remove it.

Your prayer is valid and the secretions are pure (tahir), and what you have seen is neither maniy nor wadiy; rather it is pure moisture, because it does not have the characteristics of those two things.

There is no clear text to suggest that it is obligatory for the father to spend on his healthy adult son who has no income, and the scholars differed concerning that in the past. What is in the best interests of the Muslims, individually and communally, in the present era is following the view which says that the father is obliged to spend on his son who is studying full-time, until he graduates and becomes able to work.

If there is physical impurity (najasah) on the garment that is scattered, but when put together it would cover an area the size of a dirham, then it no longer comes under the heading of what can be overlooked according to those scholars who say that the impurity that may be overlooked is that which is the size of a dirham.

These signs that you mentioned are the words of Imam al-Jazari, and there are no religious text to support them; rather it is the matter of personal experience.