1. If a person misses the fast of ‘Ashoora’, it cannot be made up because there is no proof for that, and because the reward is connected to fasting on the tenth day of Muharram, and that time has passed. 2. If a person is excused for not fasting – such as women who are menstruating or bleeding following childbirth, or those who are sick or are travelling – and he usually fasts on that day or he had the intention of fasting that day, then he will be rewarded for his intention.

Uttering the intention out loud when one is going to pray is bid`ah whether that is for Tarawih prayers or any other prayer.

What is narrated about praying, fasting and worshipping on the 15th of Sha’ban is fabricated. So it is not permissible to follow such hadiths or to act upon them, whether that is in doing righteous deeds or otherwise. For more, please see the detailed answer.

Du`a by the Imam after an obligatory prayer – Jumu`ah or otherwise – with the congregation saying Ameen is something that was not done by the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) or by any of his Companions.

`Umrah is composed of four things, namely: ihram, circumambulation of the Sacred House (tawaf), sa`i between al-Safa and al-Marwah, and shaving the head or cutting the hair.