Table Of Contents
Types of Hajj
Hajj is of three types : Ifrad, Tamattu` and Qiran.
- Ifrad: Doing Hajj on its own (without `Umrah).
- Tamattu`: Doing `Umrah, then exiting the state of Ihram, then doing Hajj.
- Qiran: Doing Hajj and `Umrah together with one Ihram (only entering Ihram once for both), in which one Tawaf and one Sa`i is sufficient for both Hajj and `Umrah.
It was narrated from `Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr that `Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “We set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) shortly before the appearance of the new moon of Dhul-Hijjah and he said, `Whoever wants to assume Ihram for `Umrah may do so, and whoever wants to assume Ihram for Hajj may do so. Had I not brought the Hadi (sacrifice) with me, I would have assumed Ihram for `Umrah.’ Some of the people assumed Ihram for `Umrah and others for Hajj…” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari, 1694 and Muslim, 1211)
Is Sacrifice Obligatory for All Pilgrims?
Ifrad means doing Hajj on its own, with no `Umrah beforehand. The one who is doing Ifrad does not have to offer a sacrifice , but it is recommended.
In the case of Tamattu` and Qiran, the sacrifice is obligatory. This is the blood of thanksgiving, by which the pilgrim thanks his Lord for prescribing this ritual for him. In Tamattu` the pilgrim combines `Umrah and Hajj, exiting the state of Ihram in between, when he can enjoy (yatamatta`) wearing perfume and regular clothing, and having intercourse.
It was narrated from Salim ibn `Abdullah that Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “During his last Pilgrimage, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did `Umrah and then Hajj. He drove a Hadi (sacrificial animal) along with him from Dhul-Hulayfah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) started by assuming Ihram for `Umrah, then for Hajj. And the people, too, assumed Ihram for `Umrah then for Hajj along with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Some of them brought the Hadi (sacrificial animals) and drove it along with them, while the others did not. So, when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reached Makkah, he said to the people, `Whoever among you has driven the Hadi, should not finish his Ihram till he completes his Hajj. And whoever among you has not (driven) the Hadi with him, should perform Tawaf of the Ka`bah and the Tawaf between As-Safa and Al-Marwah, then cut short his hair and finish his Ihram, then he should assume Ihram for Hajj. If anyone cannot afford a Hadi, he should fast for three days during the Hajj and seven days when he returns home.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari, 1606, Muslim, 1227)
What Is Hadi? Rules for the Pilgrim’s Sacrifice
The Hadi (sacrifice) is that which the pilgrim gives as a gift to the Ancient House. It is one of the “Al-An`am” animals, i.e., sheep, cattle or camels , which he brings with him before entering Ihram. One of the differences between the one who does Tamattu` and the one who does Qiran is that the one who does Qiran does not exit Ihram after finishing his `Umrah; he remains in Ihram until the eighth of Dhul-Hijjah, which is the day when he enters the intention for Hajj.
When Exactly Should the Sacrifice Be Offered?
The Sunnah is to slaughter the sacrifice on the day of `Eid , which is the tenth of Dhul-Hijjah.
It was narrated from Salim ibn `Abdullah that Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “During his last Pilgrimage, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed `Umrah and then Hajj. He drove a Hadi (sacrificial animal) along with him… then he went to As-Safa and Al-Marwah and ran between them seven times and did not do any deed forbidden because of Ihram, until he finished his Hajj and sacrificed his Hadi on the day of Nahr (the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah). He then hastened onwards (to Makkah) and performed Tawaf of the Ka`bah, and then everything that was forbidden because of Ihram became permissible.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari, 1606, Muslim, 1227)
Can the Sacrifice Be Done Outside Makkah?
No one among the pilgrims has to offer a sacrifice in his own country , because the sacrifice is one of the rituals (of Hajj), so it can only be done in Makkah. Even if the pilgrim has to offer a sacrifice because he did something which is not allowed during Hajj, he should not offer this sacrifice in his own country, rather it should be done in Mina or Makkah.
What Is the Best Place to Offer the Hajj Sacrifice?
`Abd Al-`Adhim Abadi said: It is permissible to slaughter all the sacrificial animals in the sacred land (the Haram of Makkah), according to scholarly consensus, but Mina is the best place for offering the sacrifice of Hajj, and Makkah – except for Al-Marwah – is the best place for offering the sacrifice of `Umrah.
But if the pilgrim has a family whom he leaves behind in his own country and leaves with them money so that they can buy a sacrificial animal on the day of `Eid, this is good.
And Allah knows best.
