Praise be to Allaah.
There is no Sunnah prayer after Fajr prayer.
Before Fajr there is a Sunnah raatibah prayer (established
Sunnah) which is two rak’ahs. This is the most firmly established of the
Sunnah raatibah prayers. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) never failed to offer this prayer, whether he was at home or
travelling. It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her)
said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not
adhere more firmly to any naafil prayer than the two rak’ahs of Fajr.”
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1163; Muslim, 724.
Concerning the virtue of this prayer, the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The two rak'ahs of Fajr are
better than this world and everything in it.” Narrated by Muslim, 725.
It is Sunnah to recite in these two rak'ahs al-Kaafiroon and
al-Ikhlaas, because Muslim (726) narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be
pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) recited in the two rak’ahs of Fajr: “Qul yaa
ayyuhal-kaafiroon” and “Qul huwa Allaahu Ahad.”
The one who misses the Sunnah prayer before Fajr may offer it
after Fajr prayer.
The evidence for that is the report narrated by al-Tirmidhi
(422) and Abu Dawood (1267) from Qays ibn ‘Amr who said: The Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came out when the
iqaamah for prayer had been given, and I prayed Fajr with him, then the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) finished and found
me praying. He said, “Take it easy, O Qays. Two prayers together?” I said,
“O Messenger of Allaah, I did not pray the two rak’ahs before Fajr.” He
said, “No, then.” According to the version narrated by Abu Dawood, the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
remained silent. This hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in
Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
Al-Khattaabi said:
This shows that the one who misses the two rak'ahs before the
obligatory prayer may offer them after the prayer, before the sun rises.
End quote from ‘Awn al-Ma’bood.
It says in Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi:
“Two prayers together?”
is a question in the sense of denouncing, i.e., two obligatory prayers at
the time of one obligatory prayer? Because there is no naafil prayer after
Fajr.
“No, then.”
Note:
It should be noted that the words of the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him), “No, then,” mean: there is nothing
wrong with you offering these two rak'ahs at that time. This is indicated by
the report of Abu Dawood, where it says, “and the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) remained silent.” And ‘Ata’ ibn
Abi Rabaah narrated that a man of the Ansaar said: “He did not say anything
to him.” Al-‘Iraaqi said: its isnaad is hasan. And a version narrated by Ibn
Abi Shaybah says: “He did not tell him to do that or tell him not to do it.”
And a version narrated by Ibn Hibbaan says: “he did not denounce him.” The
reports explain one another.
End quote.