Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The excuse of ignorance is one of the matters subject to
ijtihaad concerning which there is a difference of opinion among the
scholars. Some of them say that the ignorant person is excused in all cases
and some of them say that that is limited to certain matters. There is no
room to discuss this issue in detail in this answer.
Secondly:
Among the scholars who say that the ignorant person is
excused, there is no one who says that the ignorant person should be left
without calling him or teaching him, because of the abundant evidence that
it is obligatory to spread the religion, teach the ignorant and establish
proof against those who are accountable. Allaah says (interpretation of the
meaning):
“ ‘this Qur’aan has been revealed to me that I may
therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach”
[al-An’aam 6:19]
“Of every troop of them, a party only should go forth,
that they (who are left behind) may get instructions in (Islâmic) religion,
and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they
may beware (of evil)”
[al-Tawbah 9:122]
“Invite (mankind, O Muhammad
صلىالله عليه وسلم) to the way of your Lord (i.e. Islam) with wisdom
(i.e. with the Divine Revelation and the Qur’aan) and fair preaching, and
argue with them in a way that is better. Truly, your Lord knows best who has
gone astray from His path, and He is the Best Aware of those who are guided”
[al-Nahl 16:125]
And the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him)
said: “Convey from me even if it is one verse.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari,
3461.
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him) sent
his Companions as teachers and conveyors of glad tidings and warnings. If
leaving the people in ignorance was acceptable, the Messengers would not
have been sent, the Books would not have been sent down and the callers
would not have been charged with their duty.
No one should imagine that leaving the ignorant in their
ignorance is permissible. No rational person would say this, let alone any
scholar. The fact that Allaah may excuse the ignorant person whose ignorance
is not the result of negligence does not mean that the scholar should
refrain from doing what he has been commanded to do of conveying and
explaining.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“(And remember) when Allaah took a covenant from those who
were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) to make it (the news of the
coming of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم
and the religious knowledge) known and clear to mankind, and not to hide it”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:187]
It should be noted that if the ignorant person finds someone
who can teach him, but he falls short and is negligent, then he is sinning
because he has not learnt what he was required to learn and he is not
excused, whether the matter has to do with beliefs, acts of worship or
interactions with others. Hence Allaah criticised the heedless people who
know about their worldly matters but are ignorant of their religion. He said
(interpretation of the meaning):
“They know only the
outside appearance of the life of the world (i.e. the matters of their
livelihood, like irrigating or sowing or reaping), and they are heedless of
the Hereafter”
[al-Room 30:7].
And He criticised those imitators who ignore the knowledge
and guidance that has come to them and say: we found our forefathers
following a way and we are following in their footsteps.
And Allaah knows best.